indigenous cultures
Indigenous cultures, Harald Schultz, Endandae ctemodit ium volenem rem quid ulparup tatur, quiamusam simus reperum

Photographer Harald Schultz emerged at a time when the indigenous universe was not fully revealed. Almost all knowledge about the culture of the original peoples was transmitted by “accredited” ethnologists, anthropologists and sertanistas. Schultz had a dual profession, he was an ethnologist and a photographer, which made his coming and going between the University of São Paulo (USP) and fieldwork in the villages much easier. Today, the decolonial process has changed the panorama, and indigenous people from various Brazilian tribes attend universities, make films, videos, write books, and any of them also have their place of speech. In short, they are their own mouthpieces.

Within the context of disseminating essential works and research, Sesc Ipiranga launches the book Indigenous Cultures in Brazil and the Harald Schultz Collection, organized by curator Ana Carolina Delgado Vieira and museologist Marília Xavier Cury, who held a conversation with indigenous people Gerolino José Cezar (Terena) and Dirce Jorge (Kaingang).
The book arrives in the midst of discussions about the preservation of indigenous culture by museums not run by them and still in confrontation with the doubt whether photo collections about indigenous people have to be curated by one of them. The publication brings together several texts by Harald Schultz in his expanded field of research, giving visibility to an expanded universe. The images bring traces of thought-images, a result of his training and his photography classes taught at USP.

One of his contributions to photography in Brazil stems from reflections on the study of photographic languages ​​and their technical aspects. From this perspective of innovation, he closely followed the singular transformations of photography in the 1960s and transmitted them to his students with the aim of training a new generation of professionals.
His relevant work was carried out in villages with the aim of contributing to the preservation of indigenous cultures. In some places, Schultz even collected around seven thousand artifacts of various uses, in addition to films and photographs that capture the daily life of the villages, which are now part of the field archive of MAE-USP (Museu de Arqueologia da USP). Schultz's collection, under the museum's custody, totals more than a thousand slides (slides) between the years 1942 and 1965. He always explored the elements present in that universe, regardless of the affinities acquired in his constant visits.

The exhibition of the photographer's collection opens chapters on museums and preservation of indigenous collections. Considered an important photographer at the time, some of his photos are evidence of innovative techniques, whose perceptive experience is defined in the superimposition of images and the use of filters and special lenses, a new resource at the time.

Indigenous Cultures in Brazil and the Harald Schultz Collection, in addition to disseminating and strengthening his work, also provokes reflection on various aspects involving the collected objects. Divided into four parts, the first focuses on the trajectory of the photographer-ethnologist with some more relevant biographical data. The second sheds light on museological issues and reflects on how to introduce policies that respect the rights of inclusion of native peoples.

The third touches on the theme of studies related to collections deposited in museums, while the last addresses the iconography of 12 ethnic groups contacted by Schultz, in addition to a unique collection of photographs of objects found. The book makes a strong contribution to recovering the work carried out by Harald Schultz, both as a photographer and as an ethnologist, in addition to opening doors to other complementary studies. ✱


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