Exhibition by Niki de Saint Phalle. Photo: Leo Lara/Studio Cerri

Visionary, explosive and revolutionaryNiki de Saint Phalle (1930–2002) turned 20th-century art upside down. Her works, marked by explosions of color and gesture, challenged prejudices, broke silences, and opened paths for women's freedom to be celebrated without asking permission. With this force, the exhibition arrives in Brazil. Niki de Saint Phalle. Dreams of Freedom, at the Fiat House of Culture, in Belo Horizonte.

Unprecedented in the country, the exhibition brings together 67 works by the French-American artist, almost all of which have never been seen here, including sculptures, assemblages and the iconic Nanas (deliberately exaggerated female figures), mostly from the collection of the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Nice (MAMAC), as well as a rare work from the Pinacoteca of São Paulo, which leaves the museum for the first time since 1997, when it was acquired. 

Shortly before her death in 2001, Saint Phalle donated an extraordinary collection of works to MAMAC, carefully selected by her. According to the curators of the exhibition in Brazil, Hélène Guenin and Olivier Bergesi, "the collection reflects not only her essential place in the history of art over the last six decades, but also her convictions, her fury, her battles, and the way she positioned herself in her time."

From a network of international partnerships — between the City of Nice, MAMAC, the Niki Charitable Art Foundation and the 24 Ore Cultura group, from Milan — the idea for Dreams of freedom, joining forces and highlighting the transformative power of an artist who never settled down. 

Em Niki de Saint Phalle. Dreams of Freedom, the public is invited to explore different moments in the artist's life and work, from her earliest artistic experiments to her large-scale sculptures, passing through phases marked by pain, experimentation, healing, celebration, and social engagement. The exhibition combines historical works, audiovisual recordings, and settings that reflect the artist's vibrant visual language. The exhibition runs until November 2nd and is part of the France-Brazil 2025 Season. 

Stealing the fire

Niki de Saint Phalle refused to be a mere spectator of life—she preferred to explode, detonate, and shoot at it. A feminist when it was still dangerous, she dared to occupy male-dominated spaces and embodied a lush imaginary, populated by giant goddesses, colorful monsters, and creatures that mocked bourgeois morality. Her fury became form, and the relentless battle against the conventions of patriarchy revolutionized the art world.

"I understood very early on that men held the power, and I wanted that power. Yes, I would steal their fire. I would not accept the limits my mother tried to impose on my life just because I was a woman. I would break through those limits to reach the world of men, which seemed adventurous, mysterious, and exciting to me. I decided that I would become a heroine myself," Saint Phalle wrote in a letter to collector Pontus Hultèn in October 1991.

For a long time, Niki de Saint Phalle was misunderstood and even reduced to caricatures of herself: the exuberant Nanas, the fiery declarations, the assumed taste for ornament. Some male critics dismissed her work as "too feminine" and dismissed her discourse on matriarchy. At the same time, some feminist art historians also saw a trap in her creations—the suspicion that, by depicting ample, colorful bodies, she might be reinforcing stereotypes she sought to combat.

Currently, his work is undergoing a necessary reinterpretation in various parts of the world. "Today, his production is finally being reconsidered in all its richness and complexity; recognized for its unique and undeniable contribution to the history of forms and gestures; and reevaluated in light of his profound engagement and sensitivity to the conflicts and causes of his time," the curators state.

A heroine's path

In 1953, Saint Phalle began making collages with twigs and pebbles after being hospitalized for mental health problems caused by post-war sexist stereotypes. The family had returned to France, fleeing the repressive climate of the United States.

Later, she began painting imaginary worlds, a blend of fantasies and anxieties—and before she knew it, artistic practice would be her own cure. “In the end, my nervous depression turned out to be a good thing, because my time in the clinic made me a painter,” she declared in her book. Harry and Me, 1950-1960: The Family Years.

In the following years, he would create assemblages, a type of collage in which he combined small toys with discarded materials and household utensils. Later, he began incorporating more aggressive and dangerous objects, such as blades, scissors, toy guns, and sharp objects. These were the first signs of an artistic expression marked by rebellion.

Painter, sculptor, filmmaker, she transformed trauma into ammunition and, with .22 caliber rifle bullets, fired at her own canvases to see another expression of rebellious art born. Thus, still in 1961, the Shots (shot paintings), which completely revolutionized the art world. Shots that reflected a world torn apart by violence in the context of the Cold War. Complex works full of meaning that expressed the artist's fury against patriarchy and its institutions.

"I've never experienced such intense creativity as I did with Tiros. It was thrilling to see those works become real before my eyes; my feelings of aggression found a form of sublimation," the artist declared.

From 1963 onwards, the Nanas — deliberately exaggerated female figures, transforming the irony of stereotypes into sculpture. Among brides, witches, devouring mothers, and women in labor, Saint Phalle ironically exposed the roles society insisted on imposing on women. 

For her, the Nanas represent women in power. “We have the Black Power, then why not the Nana Power"Communism and capitalism have failed. I think the time has come for a new matriarchal society," he told the Houston Post.

In the late 1970s, Saint Phalle began designing what, twenty years later, would become the Tarot Garden, a pharaonic public project located in Tuscany, Italy.

An immersive experience where life, death, joy, and fear coexist. A dialogue with popular art that seeks to leave museums and democratize access for all. 

Throughout her career, Saint Phalle fought for libertarian causes and a more just world, promoting respect and inclusion for all forms of life. Particularly between the 1980s and 2000s, she used her art as a tool for social transformation.

During the AIDS epidemic, she fought the stigmatization of people living with HIV, using different media in her work, such as writing and illustrating two books aimed at young people. For her, it was about championing love and solidarity for those affected by the disease.

During this difficult and painful period, new sculptures featuring male figures emerged, previously absent from his work. Phallic obelisks, like totems, multicolored and ornate, defied the fear and rejection that the disease imposed.

Always promoting an egalitarian vision and attentive to the world's feelings, she also denounced the hunting of wild animals and created a series of works that warned about climate change — and its consequent loss of biodiversity.

In 1993, Saint Phalle, now in her 60s, moved from New York to La Jolla, California, for health reasons. "I can no longer breathe in France, or in New York, or in Switzerland, or in Italy, or in Spain, or anywhere else. To breathe or not to breathe, that became the question," she said.

The West Coast was indeed a breath of fresh air for her life and her artistic production, where she rediscovered customs from her own country and began to document inspirations, dreams and concerns in her Californian Diary, writing, drawing and silkscreening illustrated portraits, which became a precious visual record of his work and thoughts.

Niki de Saint Phalle once said she wanted to become a heroine — and indeed, she did. His powerful and imaginative output continues to inspire new generations, not only for its bold aesthetic, but for its ability to transform suffering into beauty, denunciation into hope, and exclusion into power. His works are a hymn to freedom, joy, and diversity, and for this reason, they remain so relevant today.


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